At the beginning of
the year, the American director Thomas Allen Harris presented his first full
length documentary movie "Through a lens darkly: Black Photographers and
the emergence of a people. It is a great insight into the history of Afro-American
photography. I talked with Thomas Allen Harris about his motivation to do this
film.
FK:
What interested you in working on the history of Afro-American photography?
TH: Deborah Willis
approached me and asked me if I would be interested in making a film about her
book „Reflections in Black: A History of
Black Photographers”. This is when the project officially started. But
before I had been making films that deal with photography and Afro-American
image making. This topic has been very important to me because I come from a
family of photographers and I was always involved in that space of
photographers.
FK:
Photography is a static medium and film works with moving images. How do you see
the connection between these two mediums and how was it for you to make a film
about photography?
TH: Well I think it
worked because I am a photographer and because I trusted that I will be taken
in the right direction. As an artist you don’t necessarily know what is on your
canvas when you start, you only have an idea. I knew that the relationship of
the photographer to the object was really important to me. I wanted to talk
about that, because so much is moving to the digital space right now and the
photograph as object is becoming increasingly more rare. So in a way it was a
meditation on photography as object. The only place that you see it in 50 years
is probably in museums. Even the images in archives disappear because collections
and people with money are buying them up and store them without access for the
public. It doesn’t get anymore to the place where people can have access to and
can interact with them. So for me it is not only a film, it is a larger
project. It is something that I have been interested in terms of how we talk
about representation, how we talk about the object, how we talk about this
transitional space that we are in right now. So the
film is also about visual literacy, that a thousand people can see the same
exact image and see a thousand different things in that image. When I was
editing with the images I was very much aware that I wanted to call a certain
attention to certain aspects and to have this dynamic kind of space but that
was not super hooky, that was
really about my eye.
FK: You mentioned the
term visual literacy. What does this term mean for you?
TH: Visual literacy is how
do you read the image, how the image can be text. Traditionally in
documentaries images are usually used almost like a wallpaper to illustrate.
And I didn't want to use it to illustrate. I wanted the image to speak as opposed
to just illustrate. Let's take the example of the lynching. I wanted to talk
about what the event was in that space. Most people just see this black bodies
hanging. I wanted to talk about the inhumanity and what happened to these
people who were part of this spectacle and how they had to deny something in
themselves with the brutality as a person that is victim as well. You know
there are two victims. There is the victim but there are although the victims
who participate, because it kills something in their humanity.
FK: In your film you show
very well how photography can be used for evil purposes on the one side and
social change on the other side. What role do you give in that sense to the
photographic medium? Is the medium itself good or evil?
TH: Any medium can be
used for evil or for good. One person in the film says that photography is not
only seeing from here, it is as well seeing from there. So I think that people
can take photographs and it could be about fear and about trying to objectify
or trying to destroy the humanity of somebody else. Or it could be about
uplifting and affirming the humanity. It is really a humanity issue. This is
the reason why I choose the title "Through
a lens darkly". It refers to a biblical quote from the Corinthians and
it is about the three really important things: love, charity and faith. But the
most important thing is compassion. How can you have compassion for somebody else,
someone who might look or be different or be a different species? Because to a
certain extent the ways in which the white Americans where mistreating the Africans,
the indigenous people or the Chinese in early America even until today is about
saying we are human and they are not human. But what if you have to be
compassion to the mouse? It is like Buddhism. And so it doesn't give you the
excuse to say I can kill this person and I can roast them alive because they
are black or they are rich or there are something else. So it is not unique to America,
it happens all across the world: Our inhumanity and our inability to be
compassion and to see things in this kind of way.
FK: So in this way you
try to convey a political message with your film in order to use photography as
a tool for social change and humanity?
TH: Yes, it is a
political message; it is although an artistic message. It's about how we
construct our world, the importance, the power, a vision. I am not talking
about the vision of the eyes, but a vision of a future. Or how we read the
past. So it has to do with all these different types of intersecting
possibilities.
FK: In the film you show two
different kinds of photography: the amateur photography for the family album
and the professional photography. Do you see a difference in how these two
groups use photography?
TH: I think there is a
lot of overlap. I think all these different kind of photography are important.
I was seeing the connection between these areas, as opposed to seeing it as
vernacular photography as one thing and studio and art photography and documentary
photography as another thing. This film talks about the spaces that intersect
all of this. So in some ways the film has a democratic kind of ethos around
photography.
FK: In the film you talk
as well about the official history of photography in the US. Is it the history
of the white photographer or is there today a place for Afro-American
photography in official visual history?
TH: Me and the people I
work with, like Deborah Willis and other photographers, historians, culture
critics and authors are all still filling in the gaps in the dominant
narrative. My film is not part of the dominant narrative. Some people resist
it, some people have a difficult time with it, because they are so vetted to
that identity. So this narrative, this legacy that we are living, is the
dominant narrative. Even today there are books that don't include Afro-Americans
or other people as diverse voices. Often women photographers are not included
and gay and lesbian photographers are out. It even happens in books that are being
created today. Someone told me that there is a book with Texan Photographers
they didn't include even one single black photographer there. Even though black
people have been in Texas since the beginning and participating as
photographers back since the 1840`s. So I think that's why it is also important
that we created the project digital Diaspora. It has to be a movement for me in
order to be able to make a change.